@article { author = {Fasihi, Simin and Abbasi, Somayeh}, title = {Memoir writing and its place in Iranian historiography of the Qajar period}, journal = {International Journal of Iranian-Islamic Studies}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {75-96}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Documents and National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran}, issn = {2322-2891}, eissn = {2717-2961}, doi = {10.30484/jii.2020.2661}, abstract = {Familiarity with modern methods of historiography and the transformation of Iranian historiographical methods has been one of the most important achievements in dealing with the manifestations of modernity in Iran's Qajar Era. The most important concerns of this research are the study of the formation and development of memoir writing and determining its place in the process of historiography of the Qajar period. The framework and general spirit of the present study seeks to answer the question that what effect and place did the flow of memoirs have in the process of historiography of the Qajar period? Findings of the study indicate that the sources of memoirs can be considered as a type of historiography related to the Qajar dynasty, which was formed in the middle of the Nasserite era under the influence of modern European ideas and manifestations, but it took different route from its western examples. In the West, memoir-writing, by emphasizing on the originality of human existence, were more at the disposal of the personal feelings and moods of their authors and placed under category of literature. While Iranian memoir-writers, aware of this "I" and "crystallizing" it in "social We", put it not at the service of expressing their own feelings and existential originality, but in describing the political and social events around them. Due to the critical atmosphere that prevailed in many political, cultural, social and economic fields at that time, these memoirists also turned their memoirs into a field for expressing these criticisms. This private sphere, which was created in the personal privacy of these soliloquies, became a means of criticizing various issues from a historical and critical point of view, with their awareness of the disorder of their society. Their works became secret historiography due to their secrecy and informality and the presentation of pristine information from the political, social, cultural and economic situation and works with high credibility in the historiography of this period. Considering the importance of the Constitutional Revolution, we divided the memoirs related to the Qajar period into two periods: Before and after the Constitution from a historical perspective, and according to the class base of the memoir-authors, which fall into two groups of the dominant and middle classes. Existence of 14 memoir-writers, with 15 works in the first period and notably their heeding to recording issues of political history and 27 memoir-writers in the post-constitutional period with 27 works and their attention to recording the events of social history and the life of the masses clearly demonstrates the effects of the Constitutional Revolution on this historical-literary campaign. The existence of 15 memoir-authors of the second period in the middle class and the fact that there are only 2 memoir-writers of this class in the first period, in comparison with the 12 memoir-writers of the dominant class of this period, also well proves the hypothesis that the Constitution Revolution led to a shift in the class base of the memoir-authors from the ruling class in the first period to the middle class in the second period. In valuing memoirs from a historiographical point of view, according to the class base of memoirists, which has directly influenced their thoughts and reasons, as well as the way they write memoirs, and according to characteristics such as having insights and views of historians and critics, and the extent to which these memoirists used documents, correspondence, and orders, as well as the extent to which they provided pristine historical and political data, given that most memoirists were from the ruling class and were involved and aware of many important events, and according to the special class base that has dominated many currents, the value of the memories of this class can be preferred to the second class. However, due to the wide expression of social issues by middle-class memoirists, special value should be given to the group and not diminished their importance. In general, it should be noted that modern memoirism, which itself was formed under the influence of modern European ideas and had a special evolution with the Constitutionalist movement, like other Iranian historiographical methods of this era, while being influenced by the cultural and social conditions of their society also caused a change in the presentation of historiographical materials in terms of style and prose, subject and history technic, as well as the language of reporting events.}, keywords = {memoir,Memoir-writing,Historiography,Constitution,Qajar era}, title_fa = {خاطره‌نویسی و جایگاه آن در تاریخ‌نگاری ایرانی دوره قاجاریه}, abstract_fa = {آشنایی با شیوه­های نوپدید تاریخ‌نویسی و دگرگونی روش­های تاریخ­نگاری ایرانی، از مهم­ترین دست‌آوردهای مواجهه با مظاهر مدرنیته در ایران عصر قاجار بوده است. خاطره‌نگاری جدید، بر پایه آگاهی از «من فردی» و «هویت جمعی»، از گونه­های مطرح در این حوزه به شمار می‌رود که از میانه عصر ناصری متأثر از اندیشه‌ها و نمودهای اروپایی رخ نمود و موازی با عُمر این سلسله، به‌ویژه پس از انقلاب مشروطه، بسی توسعه و تحول یافت. بررسی چگونگی پیدایی و گسترش خاطره‌نویسی و تشخیص جایگاه آن در روند تاریخ‌نگاری دوره قاجار، اصلی‌ترین دغدغه­ این پژوهش است؛ دغدغه‌ای که از پروای شناختن و شناساندن بخشی از منابع تاریخی این سرزمین سرچشمه می‌گیرد و تا کنون کم‌تر به معرفی آنها پرداخته‌اند. پیدایی بحران در بینش تاریخ­نگاری سنتی (رسمی) بر اثر رواج باورهای نوپدید اروپایی و انتقال تاریخ­نگاری از حوزه عمومی به حوزه خصوصی و ثبت آن با روی‌کرد منتقدانه به شیوه خاطره‌نگاری و جابه‌جایی پایگاه طبقاتی خاطره‌نگاران از طبقه مسلط به طبقه متوسط بر اثر انقلاب مشروطه، از یافته‌های این پژوهش درباره پرسش پیش‌گفته است. پذیرش این دیدگاه که خاطرات دوره ‌قاجار از منابع مهم تاریخ‌نگاری آن زمان به شمار می‌روند، با توجه به پایگاه طبقاتی خاطره‌نگاران و تعیین ملاک و شاخص‌هایی چون عرضه داده‌های بِکر تاریخی مستند به اَسناد و مکاتبات و دارا بودن منظر مورخانه و انتقادی، سنجه‌هایی در زمینه ارزش‌گذاری جایگاه خاطرات در تاریخ‌نگاری فراهم می‌آورند. این پژوهش در این فرآیند خاطره‌های خاطر‌نویسان طبقه ‌مسلط را از دیگر خاطره‌ها ارزش‌مندتر می‌شمرَد.}, keywords_fa = {خاطره,خاطره‌نگاری,تاریخ‌نگاری,مشروطه,عصر قاجار,طبقات اجتماعی}, url = {https://jii.nlai.ir/article_2661.html}, eprint = {https://jii.nlai.ir/article_2661_67d12dfd61747f7e0955fda1e85fd0e6.pdf} }