بازنمایی اسلام در غرب: ابن وراق نمونه ای از اسلام شناسان معاند معاصر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری تاریخ اسلام از گروه تاریخ دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.تهران. ایران.

10.30484/jii.2021.2885.1047

چکیده

ازجمله رویکردهای خاورشناسان در مطالعات اسلامی در غرب رویکرد اسلام­هراسانه است. ابن­وراق در زمره خاورشناسان معاصری است که با اتخاذ نام مستعار و نامیدن خود به عنوان «سلمان رشدی دوم» در راستای تصویرسازی غلط و خصمانه از اسلام قلم بدست می گیرد و آثار متعددی را می نگارد. ترویج آثار وی حاکی از تلاش های مستمر در جهت بازتاب گسترده افکارش دارد. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی ضمن مروری بر دیدگا­ه­های ابن­وراق به نقد و بررسی نحوه بازنمایی تصویر اسلام در آثار وی بپردازد و به این سوال پاسخ دهد که او با چه هدفی به نقد مطالعات اسلامی پرداخته است و روش او در آثار چیست؟ بررسی ها نشان می­دهد، آثار ابن‌وراق مملو از انتقادات بی اساس از اسلام است؛ وی تلاش دارد تا با بازنمایی تصویری منفی از اسلام، اسلامی هراس‌انگیز و متنفر کننده در ذهن مخاطبان خود ترسیم نماید. براساس شدت اسلام­هراسی که در آثارش بازنمایی می کند و بر بنیاد اهداف روشن سیاسی او که در نهایت دقت دنبال می­ شود، نباید انتظار کاری آکادمیک از وی داشت؛ از این رو آثار وی خالی از تفکر انتقادی و رویکرد علمی است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Representation of Islam in the West: Ibn Waraq is an example of dissident Islamologists

نویسنده [English]

  • Maede Bayram
PhD in Islamic History from the Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Among the approaches of Orientalists in Islamic studies in the West, there is the Islam phobic approach. Ibn Warraq is one of the most prominent contemporary Orientalists who, by adopting a pseudonym and calling himself "Salman Rushdie II," has taken steps to promote his works in line with a false and hostile image of Islam, indicating an effort to reflect his thoughts widely. The present study aims to use a descriptive-analytical method while reviewing Ibn Warraq's views to criticize and examine the way the image of Islam is represented in his works. The research shows that Ibn Warraq's works are filled with criticisms of Islam; he tries to portray a frightening and hateful Islam in the minds of his audience by presenting a negative image of Islam. Given the intensity of Islamophobia evident in his works and the clear political goals he pursues, one should not expect academic work from him. Therefore, his works are devoid of critical thinking and a scientific approach.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ibn Warraq
  • Islamophobia
  • Orientalism
  • Hostile Islamologist
  • Secular Humanism
  • Sources of Islamic History
  • ربانی گلپایگانی، علی، ریشه ها و نشانه های سکولاریزم، تهران‌: موسسه فرهنگی دانش و اندیشه معاصر، 1379.
  • Abraham Priya, "Dissident voices", World Magazine, Vol. 22, No. 22, June 16, 2007.
  • Bötticher Astrid, Islamophobia? The German Discussion about Islamophobia, Central European Political Studies Review, Central European Political Studies Review, Volume XI, Part 2-3, 2009.
  • Caschetta A.J.. "Defending the West"Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2009, XVI  (1).
  • Chesler, Phyllis (29 September 2014). "Interview: Ibn Warraq on the Judeo-Christian Sources of the Koran, Available at: https://www.meforum.org/4840/koran-the-judeo-christian-sources; Last accessed 2020/7/30
  • Crittende, Stephen, interview of Ibn Warraq on "The Religion Report, Australian Broadcasting Corporation". On Wednesday 10/10/01.
  • Donner, Fred M. The Quest for the Historical Muhammad, ed. and trans. by Ibn Warraq, Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 35, no. 1, 2001.
  • Geisler Norman L., Is Man the Measure?: An Evaluation of Contemporary Humanism(Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 1983).
  • Hargreaves Julian, Islamophobia: reality or myth? Lancaster University, July 2016.
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4763520.stm; Last accessed 2020/7/30
  • https://centerforinquiry.org/
  • Ibn Warraq, Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism, New York, Prometheus Books, 2007.
  • Ibn Warraq, Koranic Allusions: The Biblical, Qumranian, and pre-Islamic background to the Koran, New York, Prometheus Books, 2013.
  • Ibn Warraq, Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out, edited by Ibn Warraq, New York, Prometheus Books, 2003.
  • Ibn Warraq, Sir Walter Scott's Crusades & Other Fantasies, Ibn Warraq, New English Review Press, 2013.
  • Ibn Warraq, The Islam in Islamic Terrorism: The Importance of Beliefs, Ideas, and Ideology, Ibn Warraq, New English Review Press, 2017.
  • Ibn Warraq, The Origins of The Koran: Classic Essays on Islam's Holy Book, New York , Prometheus Books, 1998.
  • Ibn warraq, The Origins of the Koran_ Classic Essays on Islam’s Holy Book, New York, Prometheus, 1998.
  • Ibn warraq, The Quest for the Historical Muhammad, New York, Prometheus Books, 2000.
  • Ibn Warraq, The Quest for the Historical Muhammad, New York, Prometheus Books, 2000
  • Ibn Warraq, What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text, and Commentary, New York, Prometheus Books, 2002.
  • Ibn warraq, What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text, and Commentary. Amherst, New York; Prometheus Books, 2002.
  • Ibn Warraq, Which Koran? Variants, Manuscripts, and the Influence of Pre-Islamic Poetry, New York,Prometheus Books, 2008.
  • Ibn Warraq, Why I Am Not a Muslim, foreword by R. Joseph Hoffmann, Prometheus Books, 1995.
  • Ibn Warraq, Why the West is Best: A Muslim Apostate's Defense of Liberal Democracy, Encounter Books, 2011.
  • Mooney, Chris "Holy War". The American Prospect. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  • Schoeler, Gregor. The Biography of Muhammad: Nature and Authenticity. Routledge, 2010.
  • Teipen, Alfons H. The Quest for the Historical Muhammad, Journal of Ecumenical Studies 40, no. 3, 2003.
  • Varisco, Daniel Martin, Orientalism's Wake: The Ongoing Politics of a Polemic, MEI Viewpoints 12, 2009.
  • The Image of Islam in the West:
  • Ibn Warraq is an Example of Hostile Islamology in the West.
  • The Imagery of Islam in the West: Ibn Warraq, the Contemporary Defiant Islamist